Internet/World Wide Web free essay sample

Section 2 is about the web; it is the overall arrangement of interconnected PC organizes that transmit information by parcel exchanging utilizing a standard arrangement of correspondence conventions called TCP/IP or transmission control convention/web convention. It is a system of systems that is comprised of a large number of private, open, business, scholastic, and government systems from neighborhood to worldwide degree. The Web is an approach to get to data over the vehicle of the Internet. The Web likewise uses the utilization of programs, for example, Internet Explorer, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Dolphin and Opera. They are utilized to get to information, for example, photographs, recordings, motion pictures, games, music and text. The Internet get to is an assistance that gives access to the worldwide arrangement of interconnected PC systems known as the Internet. Open places that utilization web incorporate libraries, bistro, schools, relax, lodgings, shopping centers, coffeehouses, air terminal corridors and some more. We will compose a custom paper test on Web/World Wide Web or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The various sorts of correspondence are through Electronic Mail or E-mail, Instant Messaging, Social Networking, Blogging, Microblog, and Wiki. Email is a strategy for trading advanced messages from a sender to a collector. Texting is a type of correspondence over the web that offers a quick transmission of text based messages from a sender to another in any piece of the globe. Long range informal communication is an online help, stage, or website that centers around building and reflecting of interpersonal organizations or social relations among individuals who offer intrigue and exercises. Blogging is a blend of what's going on in a person’s life. It is another term for online journal. Microblog is a kind of blog that permits clients to distribute short content updates. Bloggers can as a rule utilize various administrations for refreshes including texting, email, or Twitter. Wiki is a kind of administration that permits clients to unreservedly make and alter what is written in the web. Web crawlers are sites or programming that scans the Internet for records while a Metasearch motors are specific web indexes that are particular about what it would look around the web. Web based business is the demonstration of purchasing and selling products or administrations over the web. It likewise comprises of the trading of information to encourage the financing and installment parts of business exchanges. It is otherwise called E-Business. Internet Business Models are Business-to-business (B2B), Business-to-shopper (B2C) and Consumer-to-buyer (C2C). Online installment alludes to an exchange in the online trade of reserve. It is a system based electronic budgetary, business card exchange for a wide range of electronic apparatuses and media. Electronic installment framework is the reason for inline installments, and online installment framework advancement is a higher type of electronic installment. The normal electronic installment frameworks are Internet Bank Card Payment System, E-Cash Payment System, E-Purse Internet Payment System, and E-Check Payment System. Distributed computing is characterized as a model for empowering advantageous on-request arrange access to a mutual pool of configurable registering assets that can be quickly provisioned and discharged with insignificant administration exertion or specialist organization communication.

Forensics Team Essays

Crime scene investigation Team Essays Crime scene investigation Team Essay Crime scene investigation Team Essay Paper Topic: Analytical Crime scene investigation Team Name: Course: Teacher: : Date: Crime scene investigation Team The Computer Forensics Team The term criminology is related with the utilization of innovation and science in criminal examinations. Thusly, PC crime scene investigation alludes to PC related proof. To have a PC legal sciences office in an association, a PC criminology group is a required factor. The size of such groups differs proportionately with that of the association size and the jobs that the gatherings are relied upon to complete in the association. A little association may require multiple authorities while bigger ones may involve a greater group to meet various necessities. A scientific group can't be made and prepared inside a brief period and in this manner a ton of persistence should be seen before efficacious job execution is noted. Gifted masters are elusive and associations need to create in-house pros or re-appropriate explicit help. The way toward sustaining in-house ability can be troublesome in light of the fact that it commands in any event one master to prepare the other cooperative individuals with respect to taking care of data innovation in the association as identified with criminal issues. In this way, experts should be re-appropriated. Alert must be taken not to fuse in-house data innovation experts in the making of a legal division. This is on the grounds that the organization may think it is following up on cost effectiveness by turning away the preparation overheads to other organization exercises; it might mean acquiring further misfortunes because of absence of unprejudiced nature with respect to the data innovation staff. A PC legal operator or authority ought not approach any of the associations offices, particularly the IT area. A qualified possibility for the post of a measurable master ought to have a solid IT foundation, insightful information and aptitudes. Moreover, one ought to likewise h ave a huge information on an assortment of scientific strategies, instruments and emerging circumstances. Crime scene investigation Lab Different lab instruments and gear are required to perform arranged measurable assessments. Obtaining of these devices requires a lot of assets just as arranging time. After the group is effectively settled, it will ponder and distinguish kinds of equipment, working frameworks, programming and conditions they might want to break down. Thusly, this will empower them to decide required devices for the various jobs. The research facility ought to be situated in a safe area away from any danger like burglary of devices and hardware since the preparing factor is normally very expensive. Lab security ought to likewise be adequate to give less interruptions and protection during activity meetings attributable to the delicate idea of the work. A scientific workstation or two are additionally important for the lab, with the incorporation of compact gear to help hands on work and field works out. As the gear might be exorbitant, legitimate correlation of costs and a money saving advantage examination ought to be finished to decide the best apparatuses for wanted jobs. Legitimate licenses should be acquired for programming to maintain a strategic distance from bothers. The association ought to likewise ponder on the need to buy lab instruments or to redistribute required administrations from different organizations, for example by offering tenders or looking for a few citations. Notwithstanding the firm being a data innovation association, it is profoundly difficult to have all the ideal scientific instruments. Apparatuses that may end up being unreasonably exorbitant for the firm perhaps re-appropriated in explicit periods while reasonable devices are effectively bought. Most devices require specific administrators who comprehend and this factor ought to be redistributed for cost effectuality. The association needs to comprehend that the obtaining procedures and examination of PC based proof is hard along these lines requiring various measures of assets, arranging and specialized mastery. In this manner, the association would require appropriate necessities appraisal towards deciding if to support in-house data innovation ability or redistributing completely qualified experts. References Hitting, S. (2007). EnCase Computer Forensics, Includes DVD: The Official EnCE: EnCase Certified Examiner Study Guide. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Solomon, M.G., Rudolph, K., Tittel, E., Broom, N., Barrett, D. (2011). PC Forensics Jumpstart. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons.

Danny and the Ring Essays

Danny and the Ring Essays Danny and the Ring Essay Danny and the Ring Essay Despite the fact that the spring Sun was out and about in large numbers. the air current despite everything made Danny’s nose so chilly that it wouldn’t quit running. The climate forecaster said that it was making a trip to rain in this manner. in any case, so far the daylight made him squinch his eyes as he strolled. Each twenty-four hours. Danny must be busy working by 7:30 in the forenoon. furthermore, he had neer been delinquently. He strolled up the solid stairss to the entryway of the memorial service place simple. taking consideration non to stumble on the in the middle of measure. which had a major split in it. At the point when he got to the entryway. he cleaned his olfactory organ with his arm. thus mishandled for his specific key. There wasn’t whatever else in his pocket. yet, Danny still mishandled in any case. A moment in this manner. he took the key which was on a long shoe ribbon twine and opened the overwhelming wooden entryway. wincing at the squeak that slice through the quiet of the cool April forenoon. Danny took his occupation actually genuinely. what's more, was sensibly acceptable at it. The compensation was bounty to help pay for his room at the Special House where he lived. furthermore, he preferred his old buddy Dr. Jacob that worked with him in the basement. Jacob showed up at the memorial service place each twenty-four hours about an a large portion of a hr after Danny got at that place. He thought Danny was a decent youngster. what's more, he loved the way that despite the fact that he had Downs Syndrome. Danny took to the occupation great. One thing he couldn’t comprehend is the manner by which he made it each forenoon at the equivalent precise clasp as expected. Jacob took a shot at the natural structures ground floor. getting them handled and prepared for sing. Danny would come in and brush. swab. also, overall tidy up the workshop. The initial twenty-four hours that Danny came in to work. he saw Jacob connecting hosieries to a natural structure. Danny was stunned. however extremely unagitated and understanding. craving to compute out definitely what Jacob was doing. After Jacob attempted to give Danny an outline of what he was making and why. Danny only disclosed to him that he didn’t secure it. yet, that he was a hell of a doctor. After that. Jacob had become Dr. Jacob. Danny was at that point began when Dr. Jacob had shown up that forenoon. The bucket was drawn with new hot sudsy H2O. also, a large portion of the floors had just been cleared. Danny was obtaining the swab prepared when Dr. Jacob got off the lift. Danny welcomed him with his praised grinning. furthermore, went to disturb his manus as he did each forenoon. Hands are for the most part full today Danny. permit me gain over to the counter and globule off my material. The unfertile smell of cleaner grouped in with the waiting methanal drifted it’s way around Dr. Jacob’s olfactory organ and told his encephalon that it was clasp to get to work. He dropped off his jacket and tiffin thus went to Danny. who was standing by calmly for his forenoon handshaking. Here ya travel Danny. what's more, an acceptable forenoon to you exorbitantly. They shook authorities and Danny had returned to work again. The quietness was grievous down at that place in the keep. as it was at times called. Dr. Jacob went to get down up the Mr. Espresso. thus turn on the remote. You realize you can turn this on when you arrive Danny male kid to give you a few songs to work to. redress? Dr. Jacob said. Not till your here Dr. Jacob. No remote till your here. Your java is about prepared. Got the opportunity to obtain back to work now. Danny grinned with his entire face. eyes what not. He turned and snatched the swab and started to dunk it and chiming it out. procuring prepared to wipe up the changing area. That was the room that Dr. Jacob couldn’t base. He could take a shot at the dead. treating natural structure liquids and what non. without instability. Be that as it may, there was something eldritch about securing them dressed for the last clasp. complete with hair dos’ and all that he simply couldn’t belly. That occupation was left to the dull feline. Joe. He was gone before six each twenty-four hours. what's more, got at that place at roughly ten at dim. Joe accomplished sensibly great work. indeed, even made up the women with lip rouge what not. be that as it may, Dr. Jacob attempted to maintain a strategic distance from the entire nation on the off chance that he could. He put some cream pitcher in his java. furthermore, turned up the remote a spot. what's more, took a seat at his work area to rethink the records that accompanied every natural structure. He was taking a shot at his second cup when he heard Danny cry. Dr. Jacob hopped up. inclining his java on his white sterile garment. furthermore, went to the changing area. He had neer heard Danny roar that way. also, he thought something was extremely off base. He strolled however the double entryways and discovered Danny sitting in the corner. influencing to and fro. Danny. what was the deal? What’s erroneously? Please up Danny male kid. state me what’s going on? The woman said she required her chiming back. She said give it back to her. She was a peevish woman. Danny. there’s no 1 else down here however you and me. The lift hasn’t moved each of the twenty-four hours. There can’t be any woman in this basement. Did you gain frightened by one of the natural structures down here? Do you want to travel place? No. I will secure back to work. Your right. Larissa is gone at this point. I’m remorseful Dr. Jacob. Danny tidied himself off and got the swab. also, fired right up again the last known point of interest. Dr. Jacob took a long articulation around the room. be that as it may, didn’t see anything strange. Danny had quieted down. about as though nil had occurred. Dr. Jacob shook it off and returned to his work area. what's more, chose to name Joe and ask him on the off chance that anything had been going on the dim previously. The telephone rang multiple times. so a shocked voice was on the other terminal. Hi? This should be of import. I’m kiping. Hello Joe. this is Jacob down at the spot. Anything eldritch happen last dim? No interference ins or anyone spying about in the basement changing area? What? No grown-up male. Simply worry of course. Had two biddies to make up last dim. For hell's sake. it was kinda moderate. Something going on for sure? No. Danny got went crazy. Said something regarding some woman named Larissa that needed her ringing back. I looked about and at that place ain’t figure else in here however us. The entryways upstairs dosen’t loosened until ten in the forenoon. I only idea you may of known something. Travel back to bed Joe. in the event that anything comes up I give you a cry. I’ll come in early today. investigate the topographic point out. See ya Doc. Dr. Jacob hung the telephone over into topographic point and got up to get down chipping away at the principal customer of the twenty-four hours. At lunch period. Danny went place. furthermore, Dr. Jacob went upstairs to investigate in with the chief. He referenced what occurred with Danny. also, inquired as to whether he knew anything about a miss named Larissa. The chief had no idea. in any case, inquired as to whether it was such a decent idea holding Danny working at that place. especially with his ain key. Dr. Jacob went outside with the chief to the stopping bunch. where the massive old Swann’s mark stood. The Sun had concealed itself behind a thick mass of mists. furthermore, the air current had prepared another indent. There is nil off base with Danny working here. he does a snake pit of an occupation. I took him on so ya. he’s my obligation. In the case of something occurs. it’s on me. Dr. Jacob stood his property as meager dots started falling on the clearing of the stopping clump. Up until now. there hasn’t been any employments. in any case, similar to I cautioned you from the beginning. The principal cut he messes up. he’s gone. the chief huffed. I got you. there won’t be any occupations. Joe’s coming in early only to investigate everything out. so I may stop around a little stone dirt he arrives. On the off chance that you don’t mind. The chief feigned exacerbation. balanced his suit. what's more, strolled once again into the spot. Dr. Jacob contemplated holding a smoke. in any case, the downpour genuinely began kicking in. what's more, it was securing colder. He chose to head back in to work. At the point when he got off the lift and set out toward the work even exhibit. he thought he heard individual snuffle. He shouted to see who was at that place. Danny came out from around the bend. with a surprising appearance all over. Danny. I thought you went place. What are you making here? I returned to help Larissa. She’s tragic. I don’t like to see a woman call. Would we be able to give her back the ring now? Dr. Jacob clarified that there was figure at that spot named Larissa. furthermore, he knew nil about a ring. Danny approached on the off chance that he could stay for some time and articulation for Larissa’s ring. what's more, despite the fact that everything in Dr. Jacob’s head let him know non to. he revealed to Danny that he could. A couple hours therefore. the telephone rang. Dr. Jacob addressed it. Hello Doc. I was accepting about what you asked me before. furthermore, one of those biddies I did last dull had a toe ring on it. I took it off when I put her places on. what's more, I don’t think I set it back on. Cause you to accept a family unit part came searching for it or something? Mabey that’s what cracked Danny kid out. Look on the highest point of the array rack. I’m gon na obtain another hr of shut oculus in before I descend. Dr. Jacob revealed to Danny where to look. furthermore, they found the ring. Danny headed toward one of the natural structures and put the ring on the little finger. Danny gazed toward Dr. Jacob and gave him one of his praised smilings. I think she’s upbeat at this point. Much thanks to you Dr. Jacob. Danny jumped on the lift and headed up. Dr. Jacob checked the name on the natural structure. Laurie Essa. Larissa.

Fewer numbers without language - Emphasis

Less numbers without language Less numbers without language The individuals who consider themselves to be as number individuals than word individuals may be astounded to discover that their comprehension of numbers is really reliant on language. New research has discovered that, without language, it is difficult to appropriately fathom bigger amounts. The discoveries originate from an investigation, distributed in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, of a hard of hearing network in Nicaragua. With no information on Spanish or formal gesture based communication, these individuals have made their own marking framework; however it doesnt incorporate jargon for numbers. This is in spite of the way that they live and work in a numerate society. During the tests, individuals from the gathering regularly forgot about explicit numbers over three. In one test, members were approached to react to taps on the hand by tapping a similar sum back, however they would in general be out by a couple. Theyre not fiercely off, says Elizabet Spaepen, the lead analyst. They can rough amounts, however they dont have a method of getting to the specific number. Despite the fact that people have been appeared to have an inborn numerical comprehension, we are just normally capable at seeing little numbers and evaluating enormous ones. We need words so as to overcome that issue. What language does is give you a methods for connecting up our little, precise number capacities with our huge estimated number capacities, says Daniel Casasanto, a scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands. Furthermore, we wouldnt be the place we are today without this crucial connection. It has been the instrument that offered ascend to the general public we live in, Casasanto says. The high rises we work in and the PCs that were chatting on right now these things are conceivable on account of accurate huge number and people capacity to control them. An interesting point next time youre dealing with your portfolio, adjusting your checkbook, or sharing out MMs in the workplace.

Essay Question Example

Essay Question Example Essay Question â€" Essay Example > ContentIntroductionOverview of a modern capitalist societyUnderstanding individualism and collectivism Discussion of the extent to which the capitalist society should be organized according to the individualist values rather than the collectivist values. Conclusion Introduction A capitalist society is one that has an economic system whose basis is on private ownership in regards to both the means of production and the process of creation of goods and services for the purpose of making profits for business enterprises that are privately owned. A capitalist society may take different forms, which include state capitalism, mixed economies and laissez-faire. Since time in history capitalism has undergone revolution with political economists, economists and historians all over the world taking different perspectives as far the analysis of a capitalist society is concerned (Christian 2007, p. 113). To a very high degree, the organization of modern capitalist society is seen to have char acteristics of both individualism and collectivism. However, the big question arises as to what extent the capitalist society should be organized according to the individualist setup rather than the collectivist setup. To begin with, individualism implies to the organization that encompasses the promotion of and exercises an individual’s objectives and desires hence reflecting the value of self-reliance and independence. With this organization, there is greater opposition of any external influence or interference by the society as far as an individual’s interests are concerned (Swart and Koenraad 2007, p. 80). On the other hand, collectivism is the kind of organization that shows greater emphasis on the existence of interdependence in the society. With this, organization groups’ goals are prioritized over personal individual goals with the promotion of cohesion within the groups in the society (Triandis and Harry 2001, p 59). Contrary to individualists, collectivists have th eir focus on the nation, community or society. Through out history, both individualism and collectivism have been seen to exist in diverse types of economic and educational, government and political philosophies. The elements of individualist and collectivists have been contained in most societies. The extent to which the modern capitalist society should be more individualistic rather that collectivistic relates highly to the matters of policy and politics. It is quite a fact that the society moves towards liberalization day after a day (Gray 2008, p. 66). This is evidenced by the fact that quite a number of political ideologies have cropped up supporting capitalism in the modern world from the perspective of liberalization which is understood to relate more to individualism (Louis 2003, p. 24). In the contrary, collectivism is understood to stifle the aspects of diversity and individuality through the emphasis placed and stressed upon common social identification for instance nati onalism. The implication is therefore that for the people in the modern capitalist society to enjoy democracy and their individual rights it should be more focused to the individualistic organization than to the collectivist organization. In the modern capitalist society, there exist class systems which are understood as to relate to a certain level of economic nature. The capitalist class constitutes self-made men and it is only open to people who have quite essential individual qualities (Christian 2007, p. 116). This concept relating to social classes in the society is seen to be more closely related to the organization of the society from an individualistic point of view. Today, individual people are seen to be more attached to their own personal welfare rather than to the social groups in which they are part. It is with no doubt that, from an economic perspective, these people have their class interests they want to attach themselves to, with the freedom of being part of any group if they wish to. In this case, within the sphere of modern capitalism the aspect social mobility is demonstrated. Against this is a good example of the caste system in India whereby there no promotion of an individualistic society (Triandis and Harry 2001, p. 67). It is therefore crucial to have the modern capitalist society to uphold individualistic perspective in order to enable individual to exercise their won freedom as they wish.

Significance of Trafficking Victims Protection Act - Free Essay Example

Abstract: Human Trafficking is one of the widely spreading pandemics in todays world. While the United States have been on the list of top countries in the world, it is unfortunate that this country also suffers from the plague like Human trafficking. Although, U.S. generally serves as a destination country, it doesnt make the issue any simpler. The Department of State rates the country as Tier 1 on the tier system which means that the country is enforcing suitable laws against human trafficking. This paper reviews the current situation pertaining to human trafficking in the United States and the legislations which are being implemented to reduce the severity of it. Keywords: human trafficking, slavery, sex-trafficking, prostitution, labor trafficking, trafficking victims protection act (TVPA) Introduction: One of the greatest human rights violation in todays world is human trafficking and it has been growing on an alarming rates. Human trafficking represents one of the greatest violations of human rights today. Every year, 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders, 80% of them are females and about half of them are children (Trafficking in Persons Report,2004). This epidemic is so complicated since it has various flows around not just neighboring or within countries but across different continents. In 2014, the amount of different trafficking flows was more than 500 (Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, 2016). United States is mostly a destination country and hardly an origin for trafficking. According to the annual report from United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), most of the victims who are brought into North America are from East Asia, the Pacific, Central America and the Caribbean. The Foundation of Federal human trafficking legislation is Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) 2000 which provides a ways to prosecute traffickers, combat human trafficking and protect the victims. According to the Department of Justice, trafficking in persons is defined as; 1) Sex trafficking in which a commercial sext act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or 2) The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (22U.S.C. ? § 7102(9)). (Key Legislation, TVPA 2000) So, we can say its a modern-day form of slavery. Although trafficking could be of various forms, more than 90% constitutes of labor and sex trafficking (Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, 2016). Human trafficking is a federal crime in the United States and this is being constantly monitored by different federal agencies. The U.S. department of state has established office to monitor and combat human trafficking and they are required to publish a Trafficking in persons report every year detailing each countrys anti-trafficking efforts and then tier-rating them according to that information. Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) 2000 and subsequent reauthorizations: As mentioned above, TVPA is a federal policy which was introduced in 2000 in order to combat human trafficking in the United States and internationally. To make sure that TVPA is being implemented appropriately, an Interagency Task Force was also created under this act. In addition, this act allows trafficked victims to stay as a temporary resident in United States under T-Visa and after 3 years they can apply for a permanent residency in the country. TVPA has been amended four times since it was enacted in 2000. In 2003, Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization act (TVPRA) was introduced which extended the rights of victims to prosecute their traffickers including viable restitution and their protection against deportation. This re-enactment also allowed human trafficking to be charged under Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organization (RICO) statute (Polaris, 2016). Additionally, it was made imperative that Attorney General report to the U.S. congress every year on the actions to combat human trafficking. In 2005, TVPRA included few more provisions in this act. TVPRA of 2005 focused on the protection and sheltering of the survivors of human trafficking, extended provisions on sex tourism and added various grant programs to have state and local enforcement fight this issue. Moreover, government agencies were advised to not do any contracts with companies who might be involved in trafficking. In 2008, TVPRA of 2008 was presented which included comprehensive details and definitions of different types of trafficking. It was mandated that government needs to provide workers rights information to all the people who are coming to United States for work or education (Polaris, 2016). New human trafficking data reporting systems were added and protections within T-Visa was extended. Another mandatory addition to this act was that Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) unit of FBI would start collecting data on human trafficking which is a principal unit for gaging crime in the United States (Farrell Reichert, 2017). Lastly TVPRA of 2013 introduced the Violence Against Women Act as an amendment which launched programs to confirm that products made by trafficked victims in different countries are not being purchased by U.S. citizens. This sanction also announced emergency response by the state department towards the disaster struck areas where there is a possibility of trafficking. Furthermore, familiarized state and local police department collaborations to prosecute traffickers (Polaris, 2016). According to the U.S. Department of State, penalties for performing an act of trafficking and benefiting financially or otherwise are quite stringent which includes mandatory restitution and time in prison depending upon the seriousness of the crime (Trafficking in Persons Report, 2018). Effectiveness of the TVPA legislation: When we talk about human trafficking, we generally jump to sex trafficking because how media portrays it. Movies like Taken suddenly comes our minds but it is far more complicated than that, and while sex trafficking and forced labor are the main forms of trafficking constituting 79% and 18% respectively, the remaining 3% is other forms such as forced begging, removal of organs, forced marriage, child soldiers among others (Global Report on Trafficking in Persons, 2016). The trafficking cases are investigated by the Department of State, Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Justice and assistance is provided to the victims while investigations and prosecution of such cases. It is quite an accomplishment for the United States to be a Tier 1 country for about 10 years but are we a Tier 1 country in all authenticity? These tiers were designed by the U.S. Department of State and so does the TVPA. The Trafficking Victims Protection Law is transnational legislation which is designed by the United States but countries who fail to comply or make significant efforts against human trafficking are rated poorly on the tier system. There has been significant debate and doubt about whether the U.S. government is doing the right thing by enforcing their laws onto other countries (Hendrix, 2010). Another issue with TVPA is that criminal justice system holds main position in assessing and concluding the position of the victim (Clawson et al. (2003). The purpose of TVPA is stated as 3-Ps i.e. Prosecution, Prevention, and Protection but how can we accomplish that when the lives of trafficked persons are the based on global market controls and their major goal is to provid e food and shelter their families. Trafficked people are typically considered as criminals more than victims in the situations, they are usually found. Most of the trafficked people are from countries with dreadful economic distress which has lured them into the world of international trafficking in the first place and if the law enforcement treats them as criminals which can result in deportation following incarceration will certainly suffer again (Noyori-Corbett and Moxley, 2016). If the victim fails to prove that they have been subjected to a severe form of trafficking, authorities usually just send them back to their countries which would put them in difficult if not lethal situations. Another concern is that United States have been making it a criminal justice issue while it comprises of severe human rights violation. Since the enactment of TVPA in 2000, human trafficking has been a hot topic for lot of researchers but surprisingly there are no significant findings on the topic and the reason for that would be di fficulty with acquiring the exact numbers and deficient data cannot yield the results which are useful in making amends. One of the outrageous realities of the human trafficking in the United States is that U.S. diplomats and international organization employees are found to guilty of trafficking of domestic workers. This issue wasnt addressed until the 2008 William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims protection reauthorization act. Criminal prosecution with respect to trafficking is very rare in the United States despite the 2008 reauthorization act and the main reason is strong immunities. Vandenberg and Bessell (2016) found that criminal prosecutions were likely to be brought against representatives with lesser immunity. In severe cases, U.S. government ask for immunity waiver for prosecution and one of the examples of such cases is the U.S. v/ Khobrabade (2014). In 2013, Devyani Khobrabade (Deputy Consul general of India) was arrested by the U.S. Diplomatic Security Service for making false statements to obtain a visa for her domestic worker and didnt pay her according to the U.S. minimum wage standards. It was found that Indian government officials tried to make false statements on Khobrabades diplomatic immunity status which blew up this diplomatic case even more. Khobrabade is an international fugitive and is subjected to immediate arrest at arrival in the United States. This is one of the 3 cases which h ad been filed against the Indian consulate in New York. Unfortunately, most of the cases are not even reported which gives more power to the traffickers (Vandenberg and Bessell, 2016). According to United Nations, 71% of all trafficking victims are women and girls. Women are mostly trafficked from different countries and generally for sex trade and domestic servitude. These women most likely are going to face problems with respect to the language, laws of United States and for sure would need someone who understands them and would be able to represent them despite concrete evidence in most cases. The Human Trafficking Legal Center in Washington D.C., a team of pro-bono lawyers and researchers works towards this issue by fighting for the victims of human trafficking. There are many conditions which needs to be met before a woman is certified as severely trafficked and even when they meet all the criterion of being one, they are usually afraid that the government is going to retaliate which keeps them from co-operating (Noyori-Corbett and Moxley, 2016). Since human trafficking is measured by UCR primarily, it was found that cases were underreported and the ones which were reported contained many false positives. In 2017, Farrell and Reichert found that very few human trafficking cases were identified and prosecuted but UCR crime reporting can be improved by identifying human trafficking is identified as part- I violent crime and adding it to the crime reporting programs in all the states, incentivizing reporting of the human trafficking cases and providing more enhanced trainings for law enforcement officials. Keeping adverse psychological, social and legal consequences should be the most important factors to address when framing the eligibility criteria in determining victim certification (Noyori-Corbett and Moxley, 2016). Social and economic factors play a big part in someone who has been trafficked. Shame is something which is associated with women who had been trafficking in many countries which can keep them from leading a norm al life. This is one of the reasons that restitution is so important in cases of Human trafficking but unfortunately it hardly ever collected (Levy and Vandenberg, 2018). What makes traffickers choose America? Traffickers all around the world especially from South America and South Asian countries choose United States as the destination country because they are aware of the effect of the great American Dream. The easiest way to lure people into trafficking is to show them the best side of America and that includes the better currency and better lifestyle. Since the trafficked victims are mostly women and children from developing or underdeveloped countries, they are usually under the impression that they are just getting a job to support their family or children but instead they are traded for either forced labor or sex. These people have no idea about the language, laws, currency, and American culture which makes it easier for the traffickers to get away with it. In some of the cases where the trafficked person does get a chance to go to the court, the process of certification is so lengthy that most of the victims are not even able to collect their restitution. It has been seen that rest itution orders have been decreased significantly between 2014-2016 (Levy and Vandenberg, 2018). David v. Signal: Every year hundreds of people are trafficked to the United States for various purposes but mainly for labor. After the destruction created by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Many Indian workers were lured into working at the shipyards by assuring them that they will be able to get a permanent residency in U.S. The company Signal International is a marine and fabrication company with shipyards in multiple states. They also serve as a contractor for multiple Multi-national companies (ACLU, 2013). Approximately 500 workers were trafficked into the country on federal H2-B visa (Temporary guest worker visa) and were forced to live in foul conditions, coerced labor, and were threatened of physical harm if they tried speaking against the employer. The passports and remaining travel documents of these workers were seized by the hiring agents at the marine industry company, Signal International. The agents also forced them to pay an additional hefty amount of fees for recruitment , visa processing and travel arrangements. These men were compelled to live at the companys congested labor camps where they were abused psychologically and were repeatedly denied compensation for their work (ACLU, 2013). In 2008, Signal international was sued on by the 12 plaintiffs who were trafficked by the company. The case was represented by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) along with other pro-bono law firms. In 2012, it was ruled by the federal judge in New Orleans that the cases are supposed to be brought in individually against Signal International. So, in 2013 mass lawsuits against the company was filed accusing them for violation of TVPA and RICO. In 2015, after 4-week trial, jury decided that the company along with a New Orleans lawyer and an India-based hiring agent were engaged in labor trafficking, racketeering, discrimination, and fraud. Signal international along with its representatives were ordered to pay $14 million to five of the total victims. Following David v. Signal International, many pro-bono law firms started to work for the victims of trafficking in United States to serve the traffickers right (ACLU, 2013). Conclusion: It is imperative that the above-mentioned issues are kept in consideration in incoming TVPA reauthorizations. It has been found that in developed countries, taking economic and social welfare actions for trafficked women can help in combatting trafficking much more than the developing countries but this reflects that by working on the socio-economic status of trafficked women we can achieve better results (Noyori-Corbett and Moxley, 2016). The goal of future research should focus on the social, psychological and economic factors affecting vulnerable people in different countries since TVPA affects not only United States but also other countries. There are pros and cons to a transnational legislations and it could be really helpful if the focus is on pros more than cons of such legislations. United States have the power to steer in the direction which is most effective ways to combat human trafficking and other countries will follow to stay in the good tier ranking. We should also fo cus on the relationship between human rights community and law enforcement and how they can work together to work on this issue. The programs which were developed to help victims and combat human trafficking clearly not practical enough which is why this issue needs rigorous empirical research which could be the base for future programs such as investigating the relationship between immigration policies for different countries and key factors which affects one to be susceptible to trafficking. There should be training set ups for statewide law enforcement to have a better understanding of the human trafficking cases. Bibliography: American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) (2013). David, et al. v. Signal International, LLC, et al. Retrieved November 25, 2018, from https://www.aclu.org/cases/david-et-al-v-signal-international-llc-et-al Clawson, H. J., Small, K. M., Go, E. S., Myles, B. W. (2003). Needs assessment for service providers and trafficking victims (OJP-99-C-010). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Current Federal Laws. (2016, October 17). Retrieved November 12, 2018, from https://polarisproject.org/current-federal-laws Farrell, A., Reichert, J. (2017). Using U.S. Law-Enforcement Data: Promise and Limits in Measuring Human Trafficking. Journal of Human Trafficking,3(1), 39-60.doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1280324 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons(Rep.). (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2018, from https://www.unodc.org/documents/Global_Report_on_TIP.pdf Hendrix, M. C. (2010). Enforcing the U.S. Trafficking Victims Protection Act in emerging markets: The challenge of affecting change in India and China. Cornell International law Journal, 43, 173â€Å"205. Key Legislation TVPA 2000. (2017, January 06). Retrieved November 12, 2018, from https://www.justice.gov/humantrafficking/key-legislation Levy, A. F., Vandenberg, M. E. (2018). United States Federal Courts Continuing Failure to Order Mandatory Criminal Restitution for Human Trafficking Victims(pp. 1-26, Rep.). The Human Trafficking Legal Center. Noyori-Corbett, C., Moxley, D. P. (2016). A transnational feminist policy analysis of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. International Journal of Social Welfare,26(2), 107-115. doi:10.1111/ijsw.12217 Trafficking in Persons Report(Rep.). (2004). Retrieved November 12, 2018, from https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2004/index.htm U.S. Department of State. (2018, June 28). Trafficking in persons Report (2018). Retrieved November 12, 2018, from https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2018/ Vandenberg, M. E., Bessell, S. (2016). Diplomatic immunity and the abuse of domestic workers: Criminal and civil remedies in the United States. Duke Journal of Comparative International Law,26(3), 595-633. Retrieved November 12, 2018, from https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djcil/vol26/iss3/6/

Spanish Adjectives of Quantity

Unless you can answer with numbers, to respond to questions like how many? youll probably need to use one of the Spanish adjectives of quantity. An example of an adjective of quantity in English is many in the phrase many dogs. The adjective comes before the noun and tells how many. It is the same in Spanish, muchos perros where muchos is the adjective of quantity. Like most other non-descriptive adjectives, adjectives of quantity usually come before the noun they refer to (just as in English), or they can come after a copulative verb. And like other adjectives, they must match the nouns they refer to in number and gender. Here are the most common adjectives of quantity with examples of how they are used: algà ºn, alguna, algunos, algunas—some, any—Alguna vez, voy al centro. (Some time, I will go downtown.) Pasaron algunos coches de policà ­a. (Some police cars passed.)  ¿Tienes algunos zapatos? (Do you have any shoes?) Nearly all the time, the English any in sentences such as the example is left untranslated into Spanish. For example, Are there any watermelons? becomes  ¿Hay sandà ­as?ambos, ambas—both—Ambas compaà ±Ãƒ ­as crearà ¡n una empresa internacional. (Both companies will create an international enterprise.)bastante, bastantes—enough, sufficient—En mi ciudad hay bastantes iglesias. (In my city there are enough churches.)mucho, mucha, muchos, muchas—much, many—Los medios de comunicacià ³n tienen mucho poder. (Communications media have much power.) Ella tiene muchos gatos. (She has many cats.)—Typically, this word is translated as much when singular and many when plural. In informal usage, you also can tra nslate as a lot of.ningà ºn, ninguna—no—Ninguna persona serà ¡ atacada or ridiculizada. (No person will be attacked or ridiculed.) In Spanish, it is far less common to use ninguno or ninguna as an adjective than to use no as an adverb with the main verb, thus negating the entire sentence. Thus, I have no shoes would typically be stated as no tengo zapatos.poco, poca, pocos, pocas—small, little or slight; few—Hay poco pan. (There is little bread.) Hay pocas uvas. (There are a few grapes.)suficiente—enough, sufficient—Tenemos equipos suficientes para las inspecciones. (We have enough teams for the inspections.) Bastante is more frequently used than suficiente. Suficiente frequently follows the noun.tanto, tanta, tantos, tantas—so much, so many—Jamà ¡s habà ­a comido tanto queso. (He had never eaten so much cheese.) En Amà ©rica Latina nunca han existido tantos pobres como ahora. (In Latin America there never have existed so many poor people as now.)todo, toda, todos, todas—each, every, all—Todo americano lo sabe. (Every American knows it.) Todos los perros van al cielo. (All dogs go to heaven.) Use of todo or toda in singular form as an adjective isnt particularly common. Todos or todas is quite often used in plural form before the definite article, as in the example.unos, unas—some—Unos gatos son mejores cazadores que otros. (Some cats are better hunters than others.)varios, varias—several—Javier tenà ­a varios coches. (Javier had several cars.) Note that many of these adjectives are frequently used as other parts of speech, especially pronouns and adverbs. For example, poco can also function as an adverb meaning not. For example: Es poco inteligente. (Shes unintelligent.) Sample Sentences Using Adjectives of Quantity Hemos reunido muchas firmas, pero no son bastantes para hacer la peticià ³n. (We have gathered many signatures, but they arent enough to make the petition valid.) Necesitamos observe lo que ningà ºn ojo puede ver. (We need to observe what no eye can see.)  ¿Tiene este hombre tantos amigos como enemigos? (Does this man have as many friends as enemies?) Los padres nuevos suelen preguntar si sus bebà ©s dormirà ¡n toda la noche alguna vez. (New parents keep on asking if their babies will sleep all night some time.)

Sublimation Process

Sublimation is the term for when matter undergoes a phase transition directly from a solid to gaseous form, or vapor, without passing through the more common liquid phase between the two. It is a specific case of vaporization. Sublimation refers to physical changes of transition, and not to cases where solids convert into gas due to a chemical reaction. Because the physical change from a solid into a gas requires the addition of energy into the substance, it is an example of an endothermic change. How Sublimation Works Phase transitions are dependent upon the temperature and pressure of the material in question. Under normal conditions, as generally described by kinetic theory, adding heat causes the atoms within a solid to gain energy and become less tightly bound to each other. Depending on the physical structure, this usually causes the solid to melt into liquid form. If you look at the phase diagrams, which is a graph that depicts the states of matter for various pressures and volumes. The triple point on this diagram represents the minimum pressure for which the substance can take on the liquid phase. Below that pressure, when the temperature drops below the level of the solid phase, it transitions directly into the gas phase. The consequence of this is that if the triple point is at high pressure, as in the case of solid carbon dioxide (or dry ice), then sublimation is actually easier than melting the substance since the high pressures needed to turn them into liquids are typically a challenge to create. Uses for Sublimation One way to think about this is that if you want to have sublimation, you need to get the substance beneath the triple point by lowering the pressure. A method that chemists often employ is placing the substance in a vacuum and applying heat, in a device called a sublimation apparatus. The vacuum means that the pressure is very low, so even a substance that usually melts into liquid form will sublimate directly into vapor with the addition of the heat. This is a method used by chemists to purify compounds and was developed in the pre-chemistry days of alchemy as a means of creating purified vapors of elements. These purified gases can then go through a process of condensation, with the end result being a purified solid, since either the temperature of sublimation or the temperature of condensation would be different for the impurities than for the desired solid. One note of consideration on what I described above: condensation would actually take the gas into a liquid, which would then freeze back into a solid. It would also be possible to reduce the temperature while retaining the low pressure, keeping the whole system beneath the triple point, and this would cause a transition directly from gas into solid. This process is called deposition.

Understanding Alzheimers Disease Essay - 3172 Words

I remember the days when my grandma would be the one taking care of me after school. Each and every school day, I would eagerly wait for school to end so that my grandma could come and pick me up to bring me back to her apartment. Each and every day, she would come 15 minutes after school had ended to avoid the hassle of dealing with all the parents coming at the same time to pick their kids up. I didn’t mind though, that gave me time to talk to my teachers about issues that I had or just to socialize with my friends. Once my grandma arrived, I would quickly drop what I was doing, say goodbye to whomever I was talking to, and go straight to the car to keep my grandma from waiting. My grandma would immediately greet me and ask how my day†¦show more content†¦My grandma became a big part of my life and no one can ever replace her or all the things she has taught me. Then, just a few years ago, I heard something that still haunts me to this day. Did you hear the words that haunted me as well? Did a close family of yours get diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, a detrimental disease that burdens not only the patient, but the family as well? What is Alzheimer’s exactly? According to What is Alzheimer’s Disease? Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, published on Medical News Today, Alzheimer’s is â€Å"†¦ a neurological disorder in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline† (Macgill). Now that you know what you and are going against, what are you going to be doing next? When my family first found out that my grandma had Alzheimer’s, we were faced with a decision that would affect my grandma for the rest of her life. Though we knew that we would eventually have to place my grandma into a nursing home, we had to decide whether we wanted to place my grandma into a nursing home or take care of my grandma ourselves when it wasn’t necessary to place her in a nursin g home. There were pros and cons for both decisions that made the two decisions very difficult to choose from. My mom, who would be the main caregiver of my grandma, eventually decided that it would be best for my grandma to be in the hands of her family and opted against professional help. Making theShow MoreRelated Understanding Alzheimers Disease Essay1846 Words   |  8 PagesUnderstanding Alzheimers Disease With all of the advanced technology that the medical field possesses today, there is still suffering that occurs from incurable diseases. Alzheimers Disease is one of those incurable diseases that take the lives of many today. This paper will examine this disease thoroughly by looking at its definition, and discussing general information, facts, and figures. The cause of Alzheimers Disease, and the much thought about question of if it is genetic or not willRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Type Of Dementia1117 Words   |  5 Pageswith Alzheimer’s disease for more than ten years. During the last couple of years she was alive I barely ever visited her, and I never understood why she was always in bed, and whenever I went to go see her she never remembered who I was. I feel that because of this disease, I lost my grandmother a long time ago; hopefully by the end of this paper I will have a better understanding about the disease that took her away, years ago. According to the Alzheimer’s Association (2015), Alzheimer’s is aRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia998 Words   |  4 Pagesof Alzheimer disease, especially adults who have a family member in late adulthood. If people were to have knowledge on how to help or treat someone who has Alzheimer disease it would be beneficial for both of them and it would make living together much easier. Many people don’t know what Alzheimer disease is â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The risk of AD increases with age† (Takashi 2015). As someone ages they are most likely to get Alzheimer disease, this due to generalizedRead MoreA Brief Note On Fighting Alzheimer s Disease1038 Words   |  5 PagesJanuary 18, 2017 Fighting Alzheimer’s â€Å"So now, we feel it is important to share it with you. In opening our hearts, we hope this might promote greater awareness of this condition. Perhaps it will encourage a clearer understanding of the individuals and families who are affected by it.† This was part of the fortieth president Ronald Reagan’s speech announcing the start of his battle with Alzheimer’s Disease that would last ten years (Adams 21). Alzheimer’s is a disease that affects millions of AmericansRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1172 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the 6th leading cause of death in America. It kills more than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined. Alzheimer’s accounts for 70-80% of dementia cases. 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Alzheimer’s DiseaseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease920 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough there is no cure for Alzheimer’s there are ways to treat this disease. Certain medications may help lessen the symptoms, such as memory loss and confusion but only for a limited amount of time. The Food and Drug Administration have approved the following types of medications: cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, both of these medications treat the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer s disease. (Office) Unfortunately, as Alzheimer’s advances the patient’s brain cells progressively die andRead MoreJenkins Keith HCS245 Wk3 Mental Behavioral Case Study Essay651 Words   |  3 Pagesgrandmother might be suffering from early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. Upon doing research on the disease I learned that Alzheimers disease is perhaps the most common form of dementia, although several others exist. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive disease of the brain. In the early stages, people experience some memory loss which progresses to marked memory loss, then to a decrease in thinking ability such as decision making. Later the disease leads to the loss in the ability to perform activitiesRead MoreCase Study: Alzheimer’S Disease. Mary Wipf. Phgy 220- Gerald1252 Words   |  6 PagesStudy: Alzheimer’s Disease Mary Wipf PHGY 220- Gerald McGraw April 2, 2017 In the world, there are new cases of dementia for somewhere between 10 and 15 people per 1000. Five to eight per 1000 are cases of Alzheimer’s. Dementia is a term that simply defines a mentally deteriorated condition. Alzheimer’s is a type of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the most common cause of dementia in older people. Alzheimer’s is a disease of theRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Dementia1329 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Alzheimer’s association, over five million Americans are living with Alzheimer’s disease. It is also noted that Alzheimer’s disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the US, causing more fatalities than breast and prostate cancer patients combined. With that being said, how many commercials have you seen about Alzheimer’s awareness? How many 5k’s and walk-a-thons have you seen advertised opposed to cancer awareness? My purpose with this paper is to shed light on Alzheimer’s and dementia

The Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment - 1188 Words

Due to recent climate change the environment has been impacted in many ways. Climate Change is a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels (Oxford Dictionary). Scientists have studied the impacts it s having on the environment such as temperature rising, sea level rising, and increase in natural disasters. Climate change has only affected us in the 20 years due to the increase in factories cars, and CO2 we produce. Climate change has caused many problems with the waters environment. Spikes in water temperature are causing a massive decrease in species population globally. All marine life is impacted by climate change in many†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœOnce a tropical fish species arrives in a new area, it can quickly mow down vegetation and algae and destroy the lush habitat that protects other species. For instance, parrot fish are capable of eating a lot of seagrass per individual, said marine scientist Joel Fodrie of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. These types of fish are hurting these ecosystems and hurting other species. â€Å"The shrimp, crab, and other species that often spend the first year of their lives hiding from predators in the protection of the grasses disappear when their cover is gone, leaving a void for the creatures that depend on them. The loss of vegetation can completely change the community of species that live there†(Vergà ©s). Climate change has also affected the land in every aspect from coastal communities to the farms worldwide. â€Å"Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves everywhere are projected to become more intense, and cold waves less intense everywhere. Summer temperatures are projected to continue rising, and a reduction of soil moisture, which exacerbates heat waves, is projected for much of the western and central U.S. in summer. By the end of this century, what have been once-in-20-year extreme heat days (one-day events) are projected to occur every two or three years over most of the nation†(NASA).summertime temperatures in the United States that ranked among the hottest 5% in 1950-1979 will occur at leastShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesOCEAN ACIDIFICATION Smog, contaminated water, melting of snow packs. These are some of impacts that Climate Change has had on the Earth over the past years. All of these are product of the increase in carbon dioxide emissions by humans and their polluting activities. Since the Industrial Revolution, these events have escalated and, they have been becoming more noticeable and prolonged across the globe. Some of these events are more palpable and pronounced in certain parts of the hemisphere. 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The Earth’s water systems have been thrown off balance, there areRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment3459 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction â€Å"If international climate policy is to prove effective, government policy-makers will unavoidably need to take all business actors on board, not the least of them the multinational oil corporations. The oil industry is one of the most powerful and global business sectors today and its activities and products are directly linked with rising greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding its climate change strategies and actions is of utmost importance to those policy-makers aiming at constructive

Informative Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction Free Essays

Informative Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction:Do you find yourself not having as much energy during the week as you used to when you were in high school? Do you find that you get irritable more often? General Purpose:I am here to inform you about Chemical Warfare. Preview Statement: First we will talk about what is Chemical Warfare. Then we will explorehow Chemical Warfare works, and finally we will discuss the advantagesand disadvantages of Chemical Warfare. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now I. What is Chemical Warfare? A. To begin what is the definition of Chemical Warfare. 1. Chemical Warfare definition (1) 2. Munitions and agents B. Next, what are some types of Chemicals used in Chemical Warfare. 1. Nerve Agents (2) a. Attacks the nervous system b. Symptoms 2. Vesicant/Blister (2) Transition:We have finished talking about, what is Chemical Warfare. We will be moving on to how Chemical Warfare works. II. How Chemical Warfare works. A. First, how Chemical Warfare weapons are depolyed. 1. Dispersion Technique (2) 2. Thermal dissemination (2) B. Next, how Chemical Warfare is deemed effective. 1. Shortage of supplies 2. Inaccesblie areas Transition: This concludes how Chemical Warfare works; now let’s finish with the advantages and disadvantages of Chemical Warfare. III. Advantages and disadvantages of Chemical Warfare A. First, let’s talk about the advantages of Chemical Warfare 1. Cost of using Chemical Warfare (3) 2. Hard to defend against (2) B. Finally, let’s talk about the disadvantages of Chemical Warfare 1. Casualties (3) 2. Unreliable accuracy (2) a. urban environments b. controlled sections Conclusion:I will signal the end of my speech with a post summary. I will regain the attention of the audience by using the full-circle method. I will clinch by making the end sound like the end. How to cite Informative Speech Rough Draft Outline Introduction, Essay examples

Primary Responsibility of Every Company †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is The Primary Responsibility Of Every Company? Answer: Introduction Due to the irresponsible activity by BP, there was a major leakage of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico, which disrupted the smooth flow of operations of the entire region. Furthermore, many industries like tourism, fishing, etc were badly hampered because of the oil spill. As a result, some of such industries even had to be shut down in order to avoid additional losses in their businesses. Moreover, the spill also resulted in a significant drop in the oil prices from $86.19 to $68.03 in the year 2010. After evaluating such circumstances, BP undertook the liability of sustaining the entire environment (Jefferson Bowling, 2011). These activities included compensation processes, cleaning up activities, and research activities. Nonetheless, the company aimed to restore the entire economy so that the harmful effects of the disaster can be controlled. Legitimacy theory Legitimacy theory depends on the social contract ideology wherein companies seek a Accounting interconnection with the society in order to obtain a secure accessibility of resources. Furthermore, companies rely on such social value and the assumption of societies that are associated with the organizational performance. Nonetheless, a discrepancy is of primary concern to the company, thereby posing a risk to its legitimacy. Such risk or threat to legitimacy is a key concern that must be addressed because it hampers the bond betwixt the company and its stakeholders, thereby limiting its resources. Moreover, this can be in the form of a massive threat that can enhance strict regulations by the government, a lesser level of employment, disinvestment by creditors, fall in customers demand, etc (Broder, 2012). Considering all these issues, it is vital that the company must conduct its activities in a manner that is not detrimental to stakeholders interests, thereby assisting in the attainment of key goals. In the case of BP, legitimacy crisis had occurred due to the massive tragedy, and to assure an effective public response, it is important to pursue an effective form of disclosure in reporting measures (Jacobson, 2013). However, the company had no past record of precautionary measures that would be implemented in case of an oil spill. On a whole, the company defied the theory of legitimacy. Stakeholder theory This theory is associated with detecting who are the stakeholders of the company and the way by which they interact and implement them upon the organization. Besides, companies that can frame an effective interconnection with their stakeholders can perform better than other organizations. On a whole, with the assistance of social contracts, such companies make the stakeholders responsible for their objectives. The tragedy on April 20 shook the entire Gulf coast because many industries were affected and some even had to be shut down. Moreover, the combined economic affairs of such affected industries amounted to more than forty billion dollars. The residents do not possess a direct authority over the company but in relation to long-run, they pursue an indirect authority. Furthermore, based on this theory, BP must enhance its bonds with stakeholders in order to restore social legitimacy (Dittrick, 2010). For such, it has to make ways for the restoration activities to minimize the impacts of the spill. Besides, the occurrence of spill resulted in the establishment of a US trust of twenty billion dollars that the company must pay for a response to its ineffective affairs. This sheds light on the indirect authority of the community and therefore, BP must conduct such operations effectively and rapidly. Public interest theory This theory is related to the companies and their role towards securing the efficacies of the entire economy. Agencies are duty bound to implement strict actions during the occurrence of any urgencies. Furthermore, it must also be established when the action must be implemented and entrusted to the statutory bodies. Moreover, it has become problematic on the part of trustees to track the various products and services that have disappeared from the environment (Lahav, 2014). Therefore, considering the BP oil spill tragedy, the theory of public interest is not applicable in any case because the company never focused on the efficacy of the entire economy. Besides, its annual report also did not highlight any activity undertaken to assist the people or benefit the economy. Interconnection of the theories with Accounting Record The legitimacy theory provides that companies that are viewed as legitimate must function within a prescribed set of rules and regulation. Besides, disclosure is one such step that can assist in maintaining legitimacy as it can address the concerns of society regarding the companys functioning. However, in relation to the case of BP, it can be viewed that the company is accused because it has failed to implement adequate disclosure measures in its reporting framework, thereby resulting in the loss of societys confidence (Cherry Sneirson, 2010). Moreover, if the company had not restricted the details regarding the oil spill, it would not have resulted in such a situation. Therefore, the company must make steps to keep its stakeholders adequately informed of its activities in order to stay legitimate as a whole. According to the public interest theory, it can be observed that there is a presence of delicacy on the market and it will not perform adequately if permitted to function on its own. Since there was a restriction of sufficient resources; the agencies became incapable of operating in an appropriate way. Besides, even the enforcement resources of the company were insufficient that resulted in the major downfall of the companys trust and the tragedy as a whole (Cherry Sneirson, 2010). Based on the stakeholder theory, there is an urgent need for adoption of ethical activities on the part of the management. BP must be able to concentrate on matters relating to the development of an effective bond with its stakeholders. Besides, since the company had to go through major dissatisfaction from the public post the oil spill, it can be said that the company was responsible for the tragedy (Khatchadourian, 2011). However, it maintained a strong position by progressing in the right direction towards facilitation of restoration activities. Role of regulators The role of statutory bodies is very important for companies like British Petroleum because they can assist in framing an effective balance, thereby ultimately resulting in a smooth functioning. Furthermore, adherence to statutory rules and regulations become easier with the help of such regulators. Moreover, companies can also enhance their brand image in the eyes of the public through addressing their issues on the direction of the regulators (Juhasz, 2011). However, in relation to BP, resources and other enforcement resources were insufficient that could have assisted in protecting the public. Besides, a minimal focus was granted towards drilling and other relevant operations. Explanation of the position Determination of the influence of costs is very problematic, especially when these are non-quantifiable. However, in relation to BP, these costs possess a vital part in giving shape to the future of the company. As per my notion, the following proper patterns of the disclosure can assist in enhancing the corporate image of the company. Therefore, it must disclose all the relevant costs that are incurred on the part of other industries regarding the occurrence of the oil spill (Rampton Gardner, 2012). Moreover, adherence of IAS 37 can be a relevant consideration for the company because it takes into account contingent liabilities, assets, and provisions (Broder Krauss, 2011). Besides, such provisions for cleaning process are required under the standard that must be measured under the amount. In addition, it can also assist in the calculation of environmental impacts of the oil spill through consideration of economic standards. On a whole, it can be commented that the model can play a key role in permitting the company to quantify the decline of natural resources and thereafter determine the future value with effectiveness and flexibility. Conclusion BP oil spill had a major influence on its market capitalization that resulted in the deterioration of its financial position as a whole. The company had to expend more than thirty billion dollars in response to the compensation procedures, cleaning processes, research activities, and lawsuits that were made against it. Moreover, as of June 25, the stock prices of the company reported the lowest and this could be attributed to a major impact on the companys market capitalization. Nevertheless, even though the financial position of the company was powerful, yet the accident resulted in degrading its stock prices. On a whole, implementing effective steps in the future can assist the company to make up for the losses incurred due to the tragedy. Besides, laying a framework of CSR activity on the part of the company is also relevant. References Broder, J. M 2012, Ruling Favours Owner of Rig in Gulf Spill, The New York Times, viewed 19 May 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/Accounting/energy-environment/transocean-not-liable-for-some-gulf-spill-claims-judge-rules.html. Broder, J. M., Krauss, C 2011, Regulation of Offshore Rigs Is a Work in Progress, The New York Times, viewed 18 May 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/us/politics/17regulate.html?pagewanted=all_r=0 Cherry, M.A Sneirson, J.F 2010, Beyond Profit: Rethinking Corporate Social Responsibility and Green washing after the BP Oil Disaster, Tulane Law Review, vol. 85, no.4, pp. 983-1038. Dittrick, P 2010, Investors ask firms to outline deepwater risks, spill-response plans, Oil and Gas Journal, vol. 108, no. 30, p. 26. Jacobson, M 2013, By the Numbers: The Oil Spill and BP's Legal Troubles, PBS News Hour, viewed 18 May 2017, https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/07/gulf-oil-spill-by-the-numbers.html Jefferson, J Bowling, N 2011, The Economic and Biological Impacts of The BP Oil Spill, NDS 372.01 Environmental Studies Capstone Seminar. Juhasz, A 2011, Black tide: the devastating impact of the Gulf oil spill, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey Khatchadourian, R 2011, The Gulf war, Was there any heroes in the BP Oil Disaster, viewed 18 May 2017 https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/03/14/the-gulf-war Lahav, A 2014, The ideas that underly BPs cert petition dont make sense, viewed 18 May 2017 https://neworleans.legalexaminer.com/toxic-substances/professor-lahav-the-ideas-that-underly-bps-cert-petition-dont-make-sense/ Rampton, R Gardner, T 2012, U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal, viewed 18 May 2017 https://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-11-28/business/sns-rt-us-bp-contractsbre8ar0m1-20121128_1_bp-plc-deepwater-horizon-oil-spill

Red wine varietals Essay Example For Students

Red wine varietals Essay Red Wine VarietalsThese choices of red wines represent the five most common varieties sold in restaurants today. These wines were chosen to give a broad overview of different grape varieties as well as different countries, from an introductory point of view. Each wine in it self has significant characteristics, such as, different varieties of fruit, tannins, colors, finishes, and bodies. Each of these different wines have been paired with a different food (served appetizer fashion) slightly complimenting its body of essence. Each food was chosen because of its unique flavor, whether it be strong or delicate, not to over power the wine, but to add something to it. Most wines do not stand-alone well, like a Cabernet for example. This French Bordeaux grape variety tends to be full bodied with a long finish, and thus is typically blended in a Bordeaux style. AOC doctrine dictates that a Cabernet-Sauvignon contain at least 75% Cabernet, the finishing couvie is up to the Estwte (or whom ev er the harvester might be) but is commonly blended with Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petite Verdot, or a Malbec. A lighter flavored, yet full bodied featured on our wine list is the Australian Shiraz. This grape variety is a descendant of the French Syrah, found in the northern Rhone region of France. Characteristically high in alcohol and full bodied, the Shiraz is of the same vine, just spelled differently. Working our way around the globe we find ourselves in Tuscany, Italy. Chianti, over the years, has developed a tarnished image of being a cheap table wine. Most of us have melted candles at one time or another, in a Chianti bottle covered in a reed woven basket. There are three types of quality levels of Chianti, the lowest being Chianti, a step up would be Chianti Classico (from inner Chianti), and the highest Chianti Classico Riserva (from classico region, aged three years). Chianti is a commonly blended using Sangiouese (50-80% for body and character), Canaiolo (10-30% for a frui ty flavor). Some times the addition of Trebbiano and Malvasia (10-30%) is added to soften the wine. As the wines continue to soften we find ourselves back in the Bordeaux region of France. The Merlot is a somewhat lighter colored grape, as compared to the Cabernet, is not as heavy, and tends to be somewhat fruitier. When discussing red wines of Bordeaux, there are three quality levels we must examine, proprietary, regional, and chateau. Proprietary tends to refer to table wines that have been given specific names and marked such. They are relatively inexpensive and are considered consistent drinking wines. Regional wines come from a defined area. Only grapes and wines made in that region can be called by its regional name. An example of this would be Medoc or St-Emilion. Finally, Chateau wines are products of individual vineyards. These grapes are harvested, made and bottled at a particular chateau. Chateau wines are considered the best quality of the wines in Bordeaux. Without leav ing France, we head east into the Burgundy region, to examine the lightest of our wines on the list, the Pinot Noir. Of all the wines we have discussed so far have been a couvie of some sort. Yet, red wines produced in the Burgundy region are mostly 100% Pinot Noir, with the exception of the Beaujolais gamay variety which suprisingly is 100% Gamay. These wines tend to be light in color and flavor, standing alone quite nicely. Pinot Noirs tend to make an excellent late night drinking wine with out the accompaniment of food.

Organizational Behavior Sample Essays - Why You Should Use Them

Organizational Behavior Sample Essays - Why You Should Use ThemWhen writing an organization or business resume, it is always good to use organizational behavior samples to get the ideas across. These sample essays are a great way to go about getting the information across to your potential employer.Organizations use these samples for several reasons. They find it a good method of showing prospective employers that they have all the information that you need to know to be hired for the job. It can also show the hiring manager that you have taken the time to do research on the company and have created a portfolio that they can review. Most often than not, employers want to see that you have done your homework, and this is a sure way to demonstrate that you have done so.Organizations may prefer the organizational behavior sample essays that offer tips and advice. This can help them to see that you have some thoughts and ideas of your own that can be beneficial to the organization. This way, the reader can see that you are thinking about the organization and not simply a job opening. You may find that employers want to hire people that are going to add to the organization rather than just being there to fill a position.Organizations will also read organizational behavior questions as a way to gauge whether or not they should hire you. Often times, employers see that you have some questions about the company and try to avoid making mistakes. They can even be used as a way to guide you as you become more familiar with the organization.Organizations will often ask you to complete the organizational behavior sample essays that you write. They want to make sure that you are going to be able to work well in their organization and are able to give them the best service possible.In many cases, organizations are not sure about hiring someone who has never worked for them before. These questions can help them determine if they will make a good fit for the company.Organizatio ns want to make sure that you are able to work well in their environment and can give them the best service possible. This is where essay questions are such a good idea.

Ten Truths free essay sample

One of these ten truths is that perception greatly impacts the overall outcome of any given situation, and the other major impact is based on how you choose to respond to the way you interpret any situation. Take for example; I handed you a napkin out of kindness, and you interpret what I desired to be kindness as you being incompetent, so you get angry or frustrated at me. Your perception wasn’t accurate in that situation, and your reaction was based solely upon your interpretation; you could have miss-read the situation, but chosen to react in a more appropriate manner or fashion. The second of these ten truths is that communication plays a major role in out constantly changing world, more so than, very possibly, any other constant that exists. Look back 3,000 years ago, when only very limited, yet amazingly effective means of communication were available, like smoke signals, runners, and often beacons, placed were they could be seen from well over 100 miles away. We will write a custom essay sample on Ten Truths or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now, jump 2,400 years into the future, about 1,400 AC, when the printing press was to be invented, producing the most astounding in knowledge that current history has ever seen, leading to the Renaissance. 600 years later, we have telephones, internet, more books than we can possibly read, more schools, for all ages and levels than we can count, and, to briefly peak at the dark side, weapons of mass destruction. None of those would be possible without communication, which seems to drive the assault on advancement with a fierce attitude and sharp mind. The third of these ten truths is that freedom plays the greatest part in development of youth, going hand in hand with love, without which we would develop into an entirely different species. Look at the differing types of humanity we have now, but focus on how some humans are considered monsters, not really a part of humanity anymore, but deemed as a separate entity or race, beyond our comprehension. In general, murderers and the likes tend to become something inhuman, but upon occasion, you’ll get someone like Gandhi, who has been deemed as almost a god by many, because he was so different. I myself have lived a life with limited freedom and love, and because of that, I am no longer human, but have become something else, not like a murderer, or like Gandhi, but something more intelligent and capable, with abilities humans can only dream of. The fourth of ten truths is that on earth, peace can only be obtained with the obliteration of the human race, they simply cant control their emotions enough to bring about world peace, or come even close, but I also know that what obstructs their path to true greatness, is also what defines them as a truly great race, in its own way. Perhaps peace is a circumstance of situation, it is certainly of perception, yet somewhere inside, no matter how deep or how hard you attempt to hide it, there is a sense, a reality, of unmatched chaos, and only those who face it at the deepest level will ever feel any true peace, both within, and without. Can humanity survive without some form of chaos, is it at all possible to achieve, I don’t believe so, in fact, I know it not to be possible, in any universe or alternate reality, because chaos is as essential to humanity as water or oxygen is, without it, we would cease to exist. At the same time, while humanity cannot survive without chaos o r oxygen and water, the may evolve into another species, very similar to what humanity is, but no longer the same, perhaps more in tune with nature and ultimate peace, or unfortunately, where they seem to be heading, farther from nature than ever, and far more chaotic. The fifth truth is that friends help to determine who you are, and who you will become in the future, because the greatest influences in your life are likely to be form friends, who can either drown you in darkness, or see you to the sun, through the night. Friends are often no chosen or picked, but found through circumstances beyond our control, and only when a bond has been formed and strengthened, you can choose to either temper it, or sever it, depending upon what you see in the other person. Most often, our friends are a reflection of ourselves, and because of that, we are generally able to give them genuine help and feedback when its needed, to help uplift us, but upon occasion, we choose a friend that reflects a negative aspect of us, and we begin a downward spiral that can only be described as a descent into hell. The last way we choose to keep our friends is by seeing something, some quality or trait, that another possesses, which you yearn to obtain, so you choose to bond with that person to be given a hope of becoming closer to that quality or trait, to be influenced by that person. The sixth of these ten truths is that writing will change you as a person, because when you write, you are able to express yourself in ways that defy spoken words or, indeed, any other form of expression, and as a result of that, writing is among the most sacred of them, keeping with it out deepest secrets and most ancient knowledge. Writing allows us to confide our deepest secrets to it, with no fear of having some form of reaction because of that secret, and we can also create a degree of such intense meaning and emotion which otherwise would be impossible to convey to anther. A further bit of uniqueness about writing is that it captures the emotion and passion put into it, leaving such beauty to be read by another, who will respond to it in their own way, and inspiration will come to them, and through that inspiration greatness will be achieved. The seventh truth is that religion creates a sense of self-worth or, to put it more accurately, a sense of reason and purpose, with which we are guided by something else, something that differs from us so much, that we can only perceive it as a presence meant to help deliver us to some unknown point in the future. What is your purpose and your reason for being on this earth, we all have one, but so few of us every discover the answer to that question, and sorrowfully even fewer of us live up to what that answer entails. To be guided like we are, constantly, and for our entire life, just to fail in our search, or never begin to seek for what we are destined to do, to become, is why we have always fallen short of true grace, why we have never lived to our fullest potential. I believe that these other being look to us to accomplish what they cannot, or prevent mistakes that they have made and regretted, and that they feel for us such a sense of sorrow and profound sadness, because we a re all broken within, no longer capable of reaching our maximum potential. The eighth truth, is that emotion shapes who we were, who we are, and who we are to become in the future, simply because every emotion is a human reaction to a situation, and our thoughts determine the way we react, so in essence, our thoughts are in direct control over our emotions, with the exception of few circumstances. If you keep your thoughts on positive things, then your emotions will slowly begin to become more uplifted, tending to be positive the majority of the time, and since your overall thoughts and feelings have become positive, your life will begin to change in positive ways, leading to who you may become, and who you have become. Keeping your outlook and feeling positive will help shape who you become, but what does it create to help you change, well, when most people are positive, they’re more willing to accept things, and they tend to keep an open mind, so they learn more than your average person, leading to more positive changes. The ninth truth is that your memories and experiences define what your subconscious mind thinks, feels, and how it reacts to any given situation, but more importantly than that, it controls every thought you are conscious of making, because every conscious thought is inter-connected is some way with the subconscious mind. The near impossibility of linking those connections, whether on an individual basis, or a basis set on a much larger scale, is rarely overcome by anyone, simply because we have extremely limited access to the pathways leading into our subconsciousness, and the few who have at least a little access to it, are those like Gandhi and Einstein. While the subconscious mind is conceived by both memories and experienced, it is far from limited by them, because your every memory and experience is just another piece to its nearly limitless playground, and inside this playground it connects things together, creating a vast amount of knowledge, unattainable to most. The tenth and final truth is that knowledge of physics will unlock doors that majority of people may never even think exist, or may never conceive of in the first place, and that through the right knowledge of physics, an unlimited, and very rarely tapped pool of knowledge will become available. The more you know about physics, the greater your possibility of unearthing a route to that unlimited knowledge becomes, and the more connections you make, using any knowledge at your disposal, will only lead to greater pathways, less limited, more direct, and invaluable to your life. Shockingly, there is a very popular theory involving this pool of knowledge, called quantum jumping, where you can jump into the mind of yourself, in a different reality, and all of the knowledge your other self had obtained will be cast into your mind, meaning that if you are an architect in another reality, that knowledge could be yours. Of these ten truths, I believe that proper knowledge of physics is the greatest, for the possibilities of the world of physics is unending, and I also believe that anything you can imagine can be explained, broken down, and then be formulated or powered to become a reality. Lets take teleportation for example, its just impossible, right, well, sorry to burst your bubble, but its not all that hard to do, just take a quantum computer and scan your entire body for every genetic code and make up, then send the information to another quantum computer, where quantum powered machine re-constructs the code it reads and re-makes you. Pretty basic, right, well, that’s the beauty of physics, it can be put into basic and simple terms, yet explain some of the most difficult things that exist at the some time, and because it can explain things like that, it is, to me, the ultimate truth, the truth of all truths.

Piaget Theories Essay

Piaget Theories Essay Free Online Research Papers People all over the world, through every generation, have watched in awe as infants that lack any real ability blossom into emotional, social, intelligent children. Many have wondered how it is that infants make this amazing transformation but few have moved past their wonder into a search for answers. Even fewer have found answers to these questions that are so profound that they have shaped how the world views childrens developmental processes. Jean Piaget is one of those few; he has shaped our understanding of the journey that children make. It is our desire to discover, explore, play with, and share Piagets theories in this essay. At the outset of researching Piaget, we hoped to gain knowledge of who he was as a person, but his work is so compelling that history remembers Jean Piagets work rather than Jean Piaget the man. The only item that we found regarding Piaget as a person was â€Å"The children favored being tested by Piaget in preference to anyone else, because he had an easy and informal manner, and really seemed interested in their responses. His behavior was a big change from the standard testing methods of that time, in which the answers were the only thing of importance. I believe that Piaget had strong inter-personal skills, as he was able to interact well with others and put them at ease.(www.users.muohio.edu) Without the benefit of obtaining personal knowledge regarding Piaget we will remand our information in this regard to historical fact. Piaget was born in 1896 in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland and in his childhood developed many scholarly interests including the study of mollusks, sea shells and animal life. Piaget pursued these interests in earnest, writing his first scientific paper at age 10 regarding his observations of an albino sparrow. Quite an impressive accomplishment! It was to be the first of hundreds of papers and over 60 books that Piaget would write on various fields of scientific study. These early interests in animal life proved to be a lifelong pursuit and led Piaget to obtain a degree in zoology from the University of Neuchà ¢tel in 1918 at the age of 22. Seeking to broaden his areas of study, Piaget moved to Zà ¼rich and under the tutelage of Carl Jung, explored the field of psychology. Having developed an interest in this field, Piaget once again moved; this time to Paris to study at the Sorbonne with Alfred Binet. It is all well and good to know the history of Piagets life but up to this point in his history there was nothing that would tie him to the study of children. Finally, we arrive at our destination, the question of why Piaget studied children. He found his impetus in work that he did evaluating the results of childrens intelligent tests and he was intrigued to find that children consistently failed at certain questions at certain ages. And that was that, he was hooked and shifted towards studying children in an effort to find the origins of knowledge, otherwise known as epistemology. People choose careers of interest everyday and in most cases; it is of little consequence to the world as a whole when they do so. Piagets career choice in contrast, was to have deep and lasting effects on what we know about how children learn. Through many years of observation and interaction with children Piaget formed theories that based childrens cognition on their interaction with the world at large. To us, this means play; because that is the main way in which children interact with the world. To say that Piagets major contribution to the world of child development is that they play would be an oversimplification and would do him a disservice so we will elaborate. According to the website Open Learn (http://openlearn.open.ac.uk) Piaget played a central role in the development of the view that play may be of crucial importance in childrens cognitive development. Piagets theories about learning emphasized the need for children to explore and experiment for themselves. For Piaget, play was a means by which children could develop and refine concepts before they had the ability to think in the abstract. Play was something that older children who have developed abstract thinking no longer needed. This gives us an overview of part of Piagets theory but we must explore the stages set forth in the theory to obtain a better understanding. Piaget observed various stages within a childs journey towards higher levels of cognition as follows: Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): Child is purely a physical being and has no ability to understand or reason. All reactions that the child has are reflexive, meaning that there is no thought to them. Physical actions that occur naturally during this time expand the range of responses of the child through assimilation. Assimilation is a term that describes taking external stimulus and internalizing it and simplifying it to fit categories already developed in the childs head rather than creating new categories as necessary. During the latter part of the sensorimotor stage the child has learned that people and objects continue to exist outside of their line of sight, a concept called object permanence. This is demonstrated in the good old game of peek a boo. Children act surprised when a person disappears behind their hands and laugh when they reappear. Even as adults we would be quite entertained or frightened if we truly believed that a person had actually disappeared! As the book Theo ries of Childhood states â€Å"This is the first burst of the joy of learning† (pg. 65). As you can see, this explains the necessity of play as a tool of learning in the sensorimotor stage when children are purely physical beings and have no concept of anything abstract. Physical stimulation is the most valid form for children under two years of age to learn. Therefore, without play a child would not learn much in the first two years of life and their progression into other stages of cognitive development would be adversely affected. Preoperational Stage (2-7): The preoperational stage is so named because one of the major functions that a child is lacking it the ability to mentally â€Å"apply the operation of identity† (Martin Fabes 2009) which is to ascertain that a shape can be reversed back into its original shape. Through symbolic representation, children begin to be able to mentally assign representations to objects and people. Although the child can represent things mentally, they have yet to obtain the ability to form abstract thoughts. Children in this stage are egocentric and cant understand the world as others might see it. To prove egocentrism, Piaget developed a test in which children sat in a chair and looked at three mountains of progressively increasing heights with a stuffed animal sitting in a chair directly across from them. The child was then asked to view the mountains from the stuffed animals vantage point and to state which view the stuffed animal saw. The child would most often res pond that the view that the stuffed animal saw was that of their (the childs) original vantage point. Another key point in development comes when childrens understanding begins to expand through accommodation. Accommodation occurs when new information is taken in and existing ideas or categories are changed, accommodated, to fit that information. In previous stages of development children do not change their ideas to fit external information; they assimilate the information to meet preexisting categories. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11): Piaget theorized that in this stage children begin to use logic and reasoning. Abstract reasoning becomes possible which allows children to problem solve using an ever growing set of symbols. Children gain the ability to form concepts of their own accord and to accept concepts that demonstrate logic and reasoning. The ability to perform conservation tasks is formed. One of the methods that Piaget used to prove conservationism was to set out two rows of the same type of coins for children to explore. The rows of coins contained the same number of coins but one row was spaced differently, creating the illusion that it contained more coins. A child that has not reached the concrete operational stage when asked which row had more coins would respond that the row with the greater spacing has more coins. When a child reaches the concrete operational stage and understands conservationism would respond that both row had an equal number of coins. This type o f experiment aids in development by taking an abstract idea and making it real to the child. We propose that this would aid in bridging the gap from abstract theory by introducing symbolic play. Those coins act as symbols that a child can learn to understand which would eventually lead to children using symbols in their own mind to bring to life abstract ideas. Formal Operational Stage (12+): In this stage of cognition children come very close to the reasoning and logical abilities of an adult. Children do not require concrete symbols to form reasoning and instead use a process of deductive thinking, in which they use logic to deduce outcomes. Children are now able to think hypothetically and abstractly. In addition children can now think in terms of future developments, including their own future life possibilities. The information listed above is a broad overview of Piagets theories and explores some of the key elements and events of cognition in childhood. Piaget spent a good portion of his life dedicated to this study and made many more discoveries than we are able to mention here. One additional piece of information that should be considered in regard to the stages of cognition is that A chief tenet of Piagets theory is that these stages do not vary in order, cannot be skipped, and should not be rushed. (www.nndb.com). what a wonderful way to state that a child should progress in their own time without undue pressure to perform. Now that we have introduced Piagets theories of cognition we are free to explore how they interface with play and social and emotional development. To begin with we should note that â€Å"Play is NOT the same as learning; cognitive development requires both assimilation and adaptation, while play is assimilation without accommodation.† (www.uwgb.edu). While we agree that play is not learning, we would like to propose that it facilitates learning by guiding children through real life experiences which they can begin to use as symbolic representations of different scenarios. This is evidenced in the following quotes from Piaget regarding play: â€Å"It is primarily affective conflicts that appear in symbolic play. If there is a scene at lunch, for example, one can be sure that an hour or two afterward it will be recreated with dolls and will be brought to a happier solution. If the child has been frightened by a dog, in a symbolic game things will be arranged so that dogs will no longer be mean or children will become brave† (www.uwbg.edu) â€Å"Initially imbued with play symbolism but tend later to constitute genuine adaptations or solutions to problems and intelligent creations† ( www.uwbg.edu) In a module regarding Piaget, Weber State University (WSU) (www.weber.edu) sets forth some compelling demonstrations that endorse Piagets belief in play. Included in those demonstrations are that children use play to overcome egocentrism through repeated social interactions which allow the child to become conscious of others needs, interests and goals. In addition â€Å"assimilation and accommodation are both included in the interaction which unites the individual child to the environment and the childs reality. The give and take in play and imitation is one way that the child learns about the childs world.† Children can use play to understand symbols, a good example of this is dress up, when children play dress up they are using physical symbols to play out their inner world. In our view, one of the most important things that WSU sets forth is that play gives children first hand experiences and we believe that experience creates understanding beyond what can be spoken. The senses are attached to memory; touch, taste and smell in particular create lasting impressions and concrete memories for children, which they can use in the journey towards assimilation and accommodation. Anyone that has ever spent any length of time with a child knows that you can talk to them until you are blue in the face without transferring understanding; but show a child something and they will grab that new knowledge and run with it and build on it. The last subject that we have to explore is how Piagets theories addressed social and emotional development. We must remember Piagets background at this time and understand that cognition, particularly the origin of knowledge, was Piagets attraction to studying children. In this being Piagets focus, we find that he did not place any great emphasis on the topics of social and emotional development. There is some evidence that Piaget believed that social development was gained through the stages that he theorized. For example, the website Education.com states â€Å"Although Piaget (1962) felt that play has a primary role in the child’s development, he placed little emphasis on play as a factor in the child’s responses to the social environment. Nevertheless, he saw a role for peer interactions within play for social-cognitive development. More specifically, play interactions helped children understand that other players have perspectives different than their own. Play, f or Piaget, provides children with opportunities to develop social competence through ongoing interactions. (www.education.com) The absence of emphasis on social and emotional development has been cause for some to be critical of Piagets work. We must agree that to discount the emotional and social development of a child is to have only part of the story. We believe that analyzing children as whole beings would be greatly advantageous and may have enhanced Piagets theories. That being said, we recognize and respect that Piagets passion was the origin of knowledge, not of emotion or social relations and we are grateful that this passion compelled him to make advances in the field of child development that had not been explored previously. The lack of depth in these areas has given rise to some criticism of Piagets work. Indeed, there are several areas that modern research has found that Piaget may have improved upon, such as better distinguishing competence versus performance and further exploring the stages of development in relation to necessary milestones for development. In closing, we find that Piaget was a pioneer in child development studies and that his research has had profound and lasting effects on our understanding of children and on our interactions with them. Indeed, this is strongly stated in a quote from an anonymous scholar that stated â€Å"assessing the impact of Piaget on developmental psychology is like assessing the impact of Shakespeare on English literature or Aristotle on philosophy – impossible.† We have found that this sentiment is widely felt and we too, employ this as our view. 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